The disease Cholera , Tetanus and its Prevention and Treatment Quick Solution

The disease Cholera , Tetanus and its Prevention and Treatment Quick Solution


Cholera A.Penyakit
      Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . The bacteria enter the body through contaminated food or drink .
      Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin or toxin will be issued in the intestinal tract so that the occurrence of acute diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting . These symptoms cause the patient in just a few days can lose a lot of body fluids or dehydration .
   The characteristics of the bacteria that causes cholera :
Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacteria , shaped bacilli ( rods ) and are motile ( able to move ) , has antogenik structure of the flagellar H antigen and somatic O antigen , gamma - proteobacteria , mesophilic and kemoorganotrof , berhabitat naturally in the aquatic environment and commonly associated with eukaryotic . Vibrio species are often associated with pathogenicity in human nature .
   Cholera Disease Symptoms :
· Watery diarrhea and plentiful without prior heartburn or tenesmus ( curiosity defecate despite already feels empty stomach ) . Diarrhea occurred many times in considerable amounts .
· Stools were initially colorless and odorless started to turn into a cloudy white liquid with no foul or fishy odor . But the bitter sweet smelling .
· Dirt is white when deposited will issue a white clumps .
· Vomiting after diarrhea and nausea before.
· Muscle spasms and can be accompanied by severe pain .
· Due to the amount of fluid that comes out resulting in dehydration with signs : rapid heartbeat , dry mouth , physically weak , sunken eyes , hypotension , and others . If not treated immediately can lead to death .
   Handling and treatment of cholera
Patients with cholera should immediately get treatment , in which the first step to provide a fluid infusion . Furthermore, given the treatment of the infection . As many as 50 % of cases were classified as severe cholera can not be overcome so that the cause of death .
   Prevention of cholera
Keeping the environment , especially water and sewerage is a way to prevent cholera . Consuming water that has been cooked first , wash your hands thoroughly before eating , washing vegetables , and avoid eating fish and shellfish are cooked half-baked .
If one family member is suffering from cholera , should be isolated and immediately given treatment . Perform sterilization of contaminated objects vomit or feces . Get cholera vaccination to protect those who have direct contact with patients .


B. Tetanus
Is a disease caused by tetanospasmin , which is produced by Clostridium tetani which infects the nervous system and muscles so that the nerves and muscles become stiff ( rigid) .
   The characteristics of the bacterium Clostridium tetani :
C. tetani is included in Gram-positive bacteria , obligate anaerobes , can form spores , and shaped drumstick . Spores formed by C. tetani is highly resistant to heat and antiseptic . He can hold despite autoclaved ( 1210C , 10-15 minutes ) and also resistant to phenol and other chemical agents . Clostridium tetani bacteria commonly found in soil , feces and pets and in agricultural areas . C. tetani produces two exotoxins , namely tetanolysin and tetanospasmin . The function of tetanoysin not known with certainty , but it can also affect tetanus . Tetanospasmin is a toxin that is strong enough .
   Treatment of tetanus :
To neutralize poison , administered tetanus immunoglobulin . Tetracycline and penicillin antibiotics given to prevent further formation of toxins , toxins so dead .
Given codeine to relieve pain . Other drugs may be given to control blood pressure and heart rate . Once cured , must be given full vaccination for tetanus infection does not confer immunity against subsequent infections .