igciwane mers

igciwane mersEMpumalanga Ephakathi zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirusFrom Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia
  ( Kabusha kusuka Middle empumalanga yokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus )Lesi sihloko ngegciwane . Lesi sifo , bheka Ephakathi East zokuphefumula syndrome . Ukuze kokugqashuka , bheka 2012 Ephakathi East zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus ukuqubuka . Ngokuba jikelele ngegciwane , Coronavirus ubone .MERS - selweMERS - selwe izinhlayiyana njengoba bambona ibala electron negative microscopy . Virions aqukethe a emisebenzi isici club - efana okuvela the ulwelwesi ezibangelwa amagciwane .virus ngezigabaGroup : Group IV ( ( + ) ssRNA )Order : NidoviralesFamily : CoronaviridaeSubfamily : CoronavirinaeUhlobo lwe : BetacoronavirusZinhlobo : MERS - selweI Middle East zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus ( MERS - selwe ) , [ 1 ] wabuye ngokuthi EMC/2012 ( HCoV-EMC/2012 ) , iyinhlangano positive - umuzwa , single - stranded RNA hlobo uhlobo lwe inoveli Betacoronavirus .Okokuqala esebiza coronavirus inoveli noma nje coronavirus inoveli ngo 2012 , it kwaqala ukubikwa ngo -2012 ngemuva Wakha abuye ufuzo ka igciwane behlukene amasampula isikhwehlela kusuka Iziguli wagula endaweni 2012 kokuqala a umkhuhlane entsha .Kusukela 14 May 2014 , amacala MERS - selwe Kubikwa emazweni amaningana , ahlanganisa Saudi Arabia , Malaysia , Jordan , Qatar , Egypt , i- United Arab Emirates , Tunisia , Kuwait , Oman , ePhilippines , Indonesia , i- United Kingdom , the [ 2 ] iNetherlands , nase-United States .okuqukethwe
  [ Fihla ]

    1 Virology
        1.1 Umsuka
        1.2 Tropism
        1.3 Transmission
        1.4 ichibi Natural
        1.5 Taxonomy
    2 Microbiology
    3 Ukungezwani Ucwaningo / IP
    4 Corona Map
    5 Bheka futhi
    6 amanothi
    7 Izinkomba
    8 ukuxhumana angaphandle
Virology [ Hlela ]Igciwane MERS - selwe eyilungu entsha qembu Beta of coronavirus , Betacoronavirus , uhlu C. MERS - selwe genomes ziya phylogenetically oluthathwa zibe clades ezimbili , clade A no B. amacala zokuqala MERS ayengabantu amaqoqo of clade A ( EMC / 2012 no Jordan-N3/2012 ) , kanye amacala amasha ziphakeme abahlukene ( clade B ) . [ 3 ]MERS - selwe alifani SARS nehlukene sendawo coronavirus ezivamile abandayo ezaziwayo womuntu kanye HCoV - OC43 betacoronaviruses kanye HCoV - HKU1 . [ 4 ] Kuze 23 May 2013 , MERS - selwe lase njalo bezilokhu ngokuthi igciwane SARS - like , [ 5 ] noma nje coronavirus inoveli , futhi wabalwa ekuseni messageboards Okukhulunywa colloquially njengowukuphela " Saudi SARS " .Imvelaphi [ Hlela ]Esokuqala ukuqinisekisile amacala ezibikiwe esibhedlela ngo Amman , Jordan , phakathi kwezisebenzi ukunakekelwa kwempilo kanye abahlengikazi ngo April 2012 , lapho amacala babezimisele abe H2H yokudlulisela . Kamuva isiguli owesilisa oneminyaka engu- 60 ubudala ne pneumonia oyingozi futhi ukwehluleka oyingozi so-renal , washona ngo Jeddah , Saudi Arabia , mhlaka 24 Juni 2012 . [ 4 ] virologist waseGibhithe Dr [ 6 ] Ali Mohamed Zaki - uhlonze kanye inyumbazane a coronavirus ngaphambilini angaziwa kusuka emaphashini ayo . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Dr Zaki wabe posted akutholile mhlaka 24 September 2012 on ProMED - mail . [ 7 ] [ 9 ] [ 9 ] Amangqamuzana elingalodwa Ebonisa imiphumela cytopathic ( CPE ) , ngesimo ukuqoqa kanye syncytia kwetinhlavu . [ 9 ]Icala lesibili kwatholakala September 2012 . Ibhungu elineminyaka engu - 49 ubudala ehlala Qatar owethulwe izimpawu ezifanayo of umkhuhlane , futhi izindonga eziningi igciwane lacishe nsé nalezo icala lokuqala . [ 4 ] Ngo-November 2012 , amacala ezifanayo Wavela in Qatar and Saudi Arabia . Amacala engeziwe owaziwayo , ne abafa ehambisana nayo , futhi ucwaningo ngokushesha kanye nokuqapha yalesi coronavirus inoveli Abaqala .Akuyona ezithile Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izifo zibangelwa isenzakalo olulodwa zoonotic ne yokudlulisela womuntu kuya esintu okwalandela , noma uma izindawo eziningi kwendawo ukutheleleka amelela izenzakalo eziningi ovela zoonotic emthonjeni ezivamile engaziwa .Ucwaningo by Ziad Memish of Riyadh University kanye nozakwabo lisikisela ukuthi igciwane kwaphakama phakathi kuka July 2007 no June 2012 , ne mhlawumbe njengoba abaningi 7 ahlukene omoya zoonotic . Phakathi yezilwane amadamu , selwe has izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zofuzo kodwa amasampula kusuka Iziguli asikisela a ufuzo ofanayo , ngakhoke umthombo common , nakuba idatha anqunyelwe the . Kuye kunqunywe ngokusebenzisa yamangqamuzana ukuhlaziya clock , ukuthi amagciwane kusukela EMC/2012 and England/Qatar/2012 date kuya ekuqaleni kuka 2011 esikisela ukuthi la macala baka isenzakalo olulodwa zoonotic . Kubonakala the MERS - selwe ibilokhu afundwa esikhathini labantu unyaka mkhulu kwelilodwa ngaphandle Tiphakamiso temisebentiluhlolo ezinqala ekutholeni ezizimele kanye adlulisele emthonjeni engaziwa . [ 10 ] [ 11 ]Tropism [ Hlela ]Kubantu , igciwane unalo tropism esiqinile ezitokisini nonciliated bronchial EPITHELIAL , futhi siye kukhonjisiwe ukugwema ngempumelelo le izimpendulo kokuzalwa omzimba futhi antagonizeinterferon ( IFN ) ukukhiqizwa kulezi cells . Le tropism uhlukile kulowo zokuphefumula iningi amagciwane izisulu cells ciliated . [ 12 ] [ 13 ]Ngenxa ukufana emitholampilo emkhatsini MERS - selwe no SARS - selwe , kwahlongozwa ukuze asebenzise yokwamukela efanayo amaselula ; the exopeptidase , angiotensin baguqula enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) [ 14 ] Nokho, kamuva wathola ukuthi neutralization of ACE2 by omzimba recombinant engahlali Ukuvimba MERS - selwe ngculaza [ 15 ] Okwengeziwe ucwaningo - uhlonze dipeptyl peptidase 4 ( DPP4 , . . owaziwa njengo CD26 ) njengendlela yokwamukela sokusebenza amaselula for MERS - selwe . [ 13 ] Ngokungafani nezinye coronavirus ezenza aziwayo , umsebenzi enzymatic of DPP4 ayidingekile for ukutheleleka . Njengoba babengeke kulindeleke , ukulandelana acid acid kakhulu alondolozwe of DPP4 yonkana zinhlobo futhi Ubonakaliswa the human epithelium bronchial kanye nezinso . [ 13 ] [ 16 ] Bat DPP4 gene Kubonakala sengathi kuncike ngezinga eliphezulu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo oluhambelana njengendlela kungenzeka Isabela coronavirus izifo , ngakho nohlu lozalo okuholela MERS - selwe lalikhona Bat abantu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ngocansi abantu . [ 17 ]Transmission [ Hlela ]On 13 February 2013 , i- World Health Organization sathi ' ingozi lomuntu kuya kumuntu yokudlulisela okuqhubekayo okubonakala ophansi kakhulu . " [ 18 ] I - MERS selwe ithelela amaseli emaphashini akhawunti kuphela 20 % of ezitokisini zokuphefumula EPITHELIAL , ngakho inani elikhulu virions bayadingeka Kungenzeka ukuba imuncwe kubange ngculaza . [ 16 ]Kusukela 29 kuNhlaba 2013 , i- WHO manje exwayisa ukuthi igciwane MERS - selwe is a " usongo wonke jikelele . " [ 19 ] Kodwa uDkt Anthony S. Fauci of the National Institutes of Health ku Bethesda , Maryland , wathi njengoba of manje MERS - selwe " ingabe sande umuntu okuqhubekayo ukuze umuntu ngendlela nhlobo . " UDkt Fauci wathi kukhona ingozi engaba khona ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane ishintshe ibe nzima ukuthi ingabe adlulisele kwabanye . [ 20 ]Isifo of abasebenzi bezempilo ( HCW ) kuholela ukukhathazeka kwabantu kuya yokudlulisela womuntu . [ 21 ]I Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) uhlu MERS njengabantu ezithathelwanayo lomuntu kuya esintu . Kusuka FAQ wabo , ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo , " Ingabe MERS - selwe isakazekela umuntu oyedwa? " , Bathi ukuphendula " MERS - selwe esiye kalula phakathi kwabantu abakhuluphele in close contact . Transmission kusuka Iziguli onegciwane kubasebenzi bezempilo uye nako ulandelwe . Amahlukuzo amacala emazweni amaningana basuke Kuphenywa . " . [ 22 ] Kukhona isihloko New York Times inikeza ezinye correlative roomates umongo salokhu . [ 23 ]Ichibi Natural [ Hlela ]Ucwaningo Early wasikisela igciwane uhlobene eyodwa ezitholakala baseGibhithe ithuna bat . Ngo September 2012 Ron Fouchier babecabanga ukuthi igciwane okungenzeka zazivela amalulwane . [ 24 ] Sebenza by Uchwepheshe wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe Ian Lipkin of Columbia University eNew York wabonisa ukuthi igciwane behlukene a bat walunguza ukuba- nomdlalo kuya amagciwane atholakala kubantu . [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] 2c betacoronaviruses zase kula Nycteris amalulwane eGhana and Pipistrellus amalulwane eYurophu ukuthi basuke phylogenetically ezihlobene igciwane MERS - selwe . [ 28 ]Umsebenzi yamuva uxhumanisa amakamela ukuze igciwane . An kusengaphambili - ka - lwembhalo Dispatch for umagazini Emerging Infectious amarekhodi Diseases zocwaningo elibonisa ngegciwane coronavirus in dromedary bekamela amathole kanye abadala , 99,9 % ifaniswe kuya genomes of clade human B MERS - selwe . [ 29 ]Okungenani eyodwa umuntu eye yawa egula MERS wayaziwa abafike mbeni amakamela noma usanda aphuze ubisi ikamela . [ 30 ]On 9 Agasti 2013 , umbiko umagazini Lancet Infectious Diseases Ebonisa ukuthi 50 out of 50 ( 100 % ) of serum igazi amakameli Omani no 15 105 ( 14 % ) kusukela amakamela baseSpain kwadingeka amasosha omzimba amaprotheni - ethize ngokumelene MERS - selwe iyokumba eqolo amaprotheni . Blood serum ezimvwini aseYurophu , izimbuzi , izinkomo , kanye nezinye camelids alibanga amasosha omzimba afana . [ 31 ] Amazwe afana Saudi Arabia ne -United Arab Emirates bakhiqiza futhi kudla imali enkulu lwamakamela inyama . Ukuthi kungenzeka ikhona ukuthi amalulwane Afrika noma Australian zifukamele kwegciwane ayidlulisele namakamela . Amakamela amazwe kulezi zifunda babengase baye benza igciwane kuya eMpumalanga Ephakathi . [ 32 ]Ngo 2013 MERS - selwe kwase - ekhonjwe ku amalungu amathathu a dromedary bekamela emhlanjini Qatar owabanjwa engotsheni , okuyinto kwakuhlobene emacaleni amabili ukuqinisekisile abangabantu baye walulama . Ukuba khona MERS - selwe in amakamela kuqinisekiswe National Institute of Public Health and Environment ( RIVM ) soMthetho Ministry of Health kanye Erasmus Medical Center ( WHO Kubambisana Center ) , eNetherlands . Akekho amakamela Wabonisa izimpawu zezifo lapho amasampula ayeqoqwa . I Qatar Supreme Council of Health weluleka ngoNovemba 2013 ukuthi abantu abane- izimo zezempilo eziyimbangela, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo , isifo sikashukela , isifo sezinso , isifo yokuphefumula , lo immunosuppressed , kanti Asebekhulile , gwema noma yimiphi oxhumana nabo close lapho ehambela amapulazi yezilwane kanye nezimakethe , futhi abenza inhlanzeko , efana ukuwasha izandla . [ 33 ]Ucwaningo olwengeziwe emakameleni dromedary ezivela Saudi Arabia eyanyatheliswa ngo December 2013 lwembula ukuba khona MERS - selwe ngo 90 % we amakamela esikalini dromedary ( 310 ) , esikisela ukuthi amakamela dromedary hhayi kuphela kube kwesigubhu main of MERS - selwe , kodwa futhi umthombo lwezilwane MERS . [ 34 ]Ngokusho the 27 March 2014 update MERS - selwe summary , ucwaningo lwamuva ukusekela ukuthi amakamela bakhonze njengamaphayona emthonjeni eyinhloko MERS - selwe abantu ekutheleleni , kuyilapho amalulwane kungaba ichibi ekugcineni igciwane . Ubufakazi ihlanganisa kaningi kangakanani le okuyinto igciwane Kuye kwatholakala amakamela kuya yiziphi amacala womuntu baye bathola , seriological the esibonisa ukuhamba kabanzi idatha ku amakamela , futhi ukufana kwamazwi ikamela selwe kuya selwe womuntu . [ 35 ]Taxonomy [ Hlela ]MERS - selwe esihlobene eduze ukuze bat coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5 ( uhlu 2C ) kunalokho ku- SARS - selwe ( uhlu 2B ) ( 2 , 9 ) , ukwabelana kuka 90 % ngokulandelana identity ne ebudlelwaneni bazo abakhulu , bat coronaviruses HKU4 kanye HKU5 ngakhoke ayebhekwa ukuba yilunga zohlobo olulodwa yiKomidi International on Taxonomy kwamagciwane ( ICTV ) .

    ngekhanda :
    Taxon isihlonzi :
    Igama Scientific : Ephakathi East zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus [ 1 ]
    Igama Common : MERS - selwe
    Emagama lafanako : okukhulu sibi zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus
    Umphumela amagama :
        coronavirus inoveli ( nCoV )
        London1 inoveli selwe 2012 [ 36 ]
        Human Coronavirus Erasmus Medical Center/2012 ( HCoV-EMC/2012 )
    isikhundla :
    uhlu :

    > virus

        > SsRNA virus

            > Group : IV ; positive - umuzwa , single - dengwane RNA virus

                > Order : Nidovirales

                    > Family : Coronaviridae

                        > Subfamily : Coronavirinae

                            > Uhlobo lwe : Betacoronavirus [ 37 ]

                                > Imvelo : Betacoronavirus 1 ( Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi coronavirus Human OC43 ) , Human coronavirus HKU1 , coronavirus Murine , coronavirus HKU5 Pipistrellus bat , Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 , Severe sibi zokuphefumula coronavirus okuhlobene - syndrome , coronavirus HKU4 Tylonycteris bat , MERS - selwe

    Virus yamabandla :
        Homo sapiens ( human )
        Amalulwane [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 28 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ]
        Kwezingulube [ 37 ]
amagciwane :

    ukwehlukanisa :
    ukwehlukanisa :
    NCBI
MicrobiologIgciwane likhula kalula kwi Vero amangqamuzana, LLC - MK2 cells . [ 9 ]Ucwaningo / Ukungezwani IPIzikhulu eSaudi ayengakadeli imvume Dr Zaki ukuthumela isampula le igciwane Fouchier futhi bathukuthela lapho Fouchier okumangalelwe lobunikazi ukulandelana zofuzo full [ 39 ] we Ephakathi East zokuphefumula syndrome coronavirus . [ 39 ]Umhleli we -Economist waphawula : " Ukukhathazeka phezu ezokuphepha akumelwe kancane umsebenzi ophuthumayo . Ukutadisha igciwane esibulalayo iyingozi . Not ufundela kuba kuyingozi . " [ 39 ] Dr Zaki u emsebenzini esibhedlela ngenxa ukwabelana isampula wakhe kanye okutholakele . [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] [ 43 ]Emhlanganweni wabo wonyaka we -World Health Assembly ngo May 2013 , WHO isikhulu Margaret Chan wathi impahla ebhaliwe yengqondo , noma amalungelo obunikazi amagciwane amasha we igciwane , akufanele ezizosikhinyabeza izizwe ezivela ukuvikela izakhamuzi zabo ngokukhawulela uphenyo zesayensi . Isekela Health Minister Ziad Memish baveza ukukhathazeka ukuthi Ososayensi ababethi le patent for igciwane MERS - selwe ngeke sivumele nezinye Ososayensi ukusebenzisa impahla lobunikazi ngakhoke -na uyephuza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlola . [ 44 ] Erasmus MC lathi isicelo patent wangawamukela umphumela ucwaningo yezempilo yomphakathi zibe MERS coronavirus , [ 45 ] nokuthi igciwane kanye ukuhlola kokuthola inkinga ngomkhumbi - mahhala - konke iceliwe reagents anjalo .